Da repressão à prevenção: das políticas públicas e da educação em direito humanos como instrumentos de combate ao feminicídio

Abstract

Femicide, the intentional killing of women based on their sex and gender, is a serious violation of human rights and a social issue that demands urgent attention. The study delves into the various dimensions of femicide, analyzing its prevalence and underlying causes. The research starts from the problem of expecting Criminal Law to be an effective instrument to reduce the criminal mortality rates of women, an argument used by common sense, both in society and in speeches and political actions. From there, based on the responsibility of the state, public policies were discussed in public and private environments, which in some way were effective in preventing femicide and building a protected and egalitarian society. In the public space, education is identified as a fundamental tool in the prevention of femicide, which is why we sought to demonstrate the role of educational institutions in promoting gender equality, fostering respectful relationships and deconstructing harmful stereotypes. The need for the State to intervene, including in private spaces, was debated, combating violence against women in all instances. Based on these assumptions, the research resulted in the elaboration of two bills, which were sent to the state legislature and are already being processed. Such projects establish, within the scope of public and private state education, the Violence Against Women Awareness Week, as well as oblige residential and commercial condominiums in the State to notify public security bodies when there is an occurrence or evidence of violence within them. episodes of domestic and family violence against women. During the research on femicide, it was discovered that the problem is more complex than seeking equality between men and women, since public policies that treat all women as equals are not fully efficient, considering intersectionality, such as for example sex/gender and race/color, the indices point to a double vulnerability of black women. In view of this, another product was built, consisting of a scientific article, addressing the theme and exposing the largest number of black women victims of feminicide, in relation to white women. The instrumentalization of indices and data and consequent articulation between the social markers of gender, race and class in Brazil points, in fact, to much more hostile, singular and complex violence against black women in the country. Understanding the intersectionality between gender and race is essential for a complete and adequate analysis of feminicide and violence that affect black women. It is also necessary to develop public policies and affirmative actions that recognize and combat the specific inequalities and violence faced by these women, promoting equal rights and respect for their dignity. Still as a research product, a letter was sent to the State Executive Branch, through the State Department of Education, with a proposal to include the approach to violence against women during the Pedagogical Week, as a preparation, aid and training for teachers. Methodologically, dialectics and the problematic method were used to analyze and approach the proposed theme, seeking to understand and explain the contradictions, interactions and transformations that occur in a given social phenomenon. From there, the research was able to investigate the roots and challenges related to violence against women and public policies, as well as understanding the complex and interrelated dynamics that influence the problem. Through the delimitation of problems related to femicide, its intersectionalities and public policies, the research sought to understand the obstacles faced in the search for the elimination of violence against women and critically analyze the emerging issues, encouraging reflection and proposition of possible solutions through public policies. In the end, the research and its products resulted in the elaboration of this propositional dissertation.