Destinação dos recursos hídricos: A evolução da outorga de água em bacias hidrográficas de domínio da união no estado do Tocantins

Abstract

Water represents a vital resource for sustaining life, and Brazil, being abundantly endowed with this natural resource, faces challenges due to its geographic inequality and requires clear rules for the management of this resource. The promulgation of Law No. 9,433/1997 established the National Water Resources Policy (PNRH) as a milestone in the management of this resource. This study analyzed the allocation of water resources through the evolution of the issuance of permits in Union-controlled watersheds, with a focus on the state of Tocantins from 2003 to 2022.To conduct this analysis, data available on the National Water Agency (ANA) platform were utilized, examining the numbers and volumes of water permitted annually, categorized by use and municipality. The results revealed an increase in the number and volume of permits issued, with variations over the years. The purpose of use and the municipalities with higher permitted volumes are directly linked to the type of activity that requires water, especially agriculture, industry, and mining. The state of Tocantins stands out among those expanding their planted areas in the country, emphasizing the crucial need for sustainable management of these water resources to maintain volume, quality, and availability for multiple uses.