Detecção de rompimento de condutores em sistema elétrico de potência através da tensão de sequência negativa com estação de carga de veículos elétricos

Abstract

This Final Undergraduate Project II aims to analyze the behavior of Conductor Breaks (CB) in electric power systems, focusing on the use of Negative Sequence Voltage (NSV) as an indicator, considering the presence of electric vehicle charging points. Early identification of such faults is essential to prevent high-impedance faults that occur when the conductor break comes into contact with the ground, asphalt, or vegetation, posing risks to safety and the continuity of electricity supply. For this purpose, comparative analyses are carried out between common disturbances in power systems such as capacitor switching, distributed load switching, and voltage disturbances like sag, sag with harmonics, swell, swell with harmonics, outage, transient oscillations, fluctuation, flicker, and harmonics and the effects caused by conductor breakage. Simulations were conducted using the ATP/EMTP software in a test system with five buses. The results show that the addition of a second NSV meter significantly improved the efficiency in identifying conductor breaks, reaching up to 100% distinction in certain scenarios. Furthermore, systems with loads placed at the end of the buses showed superior performance, especially during switching events, compared to the original system. It is therefore concluded that the proposed method is effective in modified system configurations, reinforcing the importance of strategically allocating meters and loads to improve the detection of Conductor Breaks.