Sensoriamento remoto aplicado na análise das transformações de uso e ocupação da terra na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego São João, Porto Nacional - Tocantins

Abstract

The present work is an analysis of the transformations in Land Use and Occupation carried out in the São João stream hydrographic basin, located in the municipality of Porto Nacional, central portion of the state of Tocantins, approximately 60km away from the capital Palmas. The main objective is to verify the changes in use that occurred in the research area, between the years 1990 and 2022. As a methodology, Remote Sensing was adopted using images from satellites, Landsat 5, Sensor TM (Thematic Mapper) and Landsat 8, OLI Sensor (Operational Land Imager). From the images, supervised classification was carried out using geoprocessing software (Qgis and Spring), with which thematic Use and Occupation maps for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2022 were generated. The use classes were defined: Forestry Formation, Countryside Formation, Agriculture, Water Bodies, Fire Scar and Urban Area, which were measured and compared, according to the years of analysis, allowing us to observe the transformations that occurred in the area. As main results, it was possible to verify that significant changes in use and occupation occurred in the study area, mainly due to the increase in Agricultural activities and Fire Scars, to the detriment of vegetation cover, such as the reduction of Forest Formation by around 59%. The importance of using Remote Sensing techniques to analyze environmental transformations and aspects of Land Use and Occupation can also be highlighted, as a tool for planning and environmental management in river basins.