O percurso da aprendizagem geográfica para o desenvolvimento do pensamento espacial no ensino fundamental e seus entraves: consegue-se pensar espacialmente ao final do ensino fundamental?

Abstract

This dissertation research presents the results of an investigation carried out in the master's degree in Geography at the Federal University of Tocantins and was initiated with the aim of understanding and reflecting on the development of geographic reasoning among students in the 9th year of elementary school at a public school in Palmas, TO. The research was carried out with full monitoring in the years 2022 and 2023 and the instrument used to carry it out was an adaptation of the Spatial Thinking Ability Test, developed by Lee & Bednarz (2012). The results showed disparities between the classes that can be seen in the dissertation and that will certainly help the planning of Geography teachers to develop new arrangements in the search to mitigate possible gaps in the process of developing students' spatial thinking. The research seeks to demonstrate how important it is to monitor, together with students, the process of learning and developing geographic reasoning in elementary school, especially when the degree of complexity of concepts and principles is elementary, since in high school, analyzes are made on more complex scales.