Educação, cidadania e direitos humanos nas comunidades quilombolas do Estado do Tocantins: uma análise crítica a partir da atuação do sistema de Justiça nos anos de 2012 a 2022

Abstract

The research aimed to analyze the role of the justice system in the implementation of public policies for accessing quilombola school education in the State of Tocantins and to understand which actions and interventions can be developed to improve the educational process aligned with national guidelines and local traditions, knowledge, and cultures. In this journey, we sought to identify the legal-historical elements of access to education for afro-brazilian individuals and in quilombola communities, characterize the roles of the entities within the justice system in implementing the fundamental right to education in quilombola communities, with a brief analysis of judicial and extrajudicial procedures obtained through jurisprudential research. We also aimed to understand the current context of quilombola school education, both at the national normative level and at the local level. In addition to the normative aspect, we aimed to deepen the analysis of structural and historical aspects through empirical research in the Quilombola Community Barra da Aroeira, located in the municipality of Santa Tereza do Tocantins, in the central region of the State. The study employed a mixed approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, including documentary bibliographic research and empirical research with the application of questionnaires. The method used for analysis was dialectical historical materialism, which underpinned the critical analysis of the complex relationship between the denial and affirmation of the right to access education for afro-brazilian individuals, especially quilombolas. The results indicated a significant lack of actions on the part of the justice system to enforce quilombola school education. On the other hand, the panorama of quilombola school education showed a broad legal foundation on the subject, with 30 (thirty) educational units classified as quilombola by the State Department of Education in the State of Tocantins. After the theoretical and empirical journeys throughout the research, from a propositional perspective, two products were presented as suggestions to support the enforcement of quilombola school education: 1) Proposal for the Improvement of the Guide - The Public Prosecutor's Office and Ethnic-Racial Equality in Education, with the inclusion of Contributions for the Enforcement of Quilombola School Education Ministerial Guide, and 2) Brochure - Citizenship, Education, and Human Rights: Guidance for the Enforcement of Quilombola School Education.