Intervenção educativa com trabalhadores da limpeza e higienização hospitalar na prevenção de agravos por agentes biológicos

Abstract

Introduction: Cleaning and conservation workers in healthcare services, in their work routine, handle potentially infectious materials and, in the case of a hospital environment, the handling of these materials can result in an accident at work, requiring qualifications regarding the prevention of diseases caused by biological agents in this population, considering the risks to which they are exposed in their work process. Objectives: The general objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention with hospital cleaning and hygiene workers in preventing injuries caused by biological agents. Specific objectives: describe the sociodemographic and occupational profile of hospital cleaning and hygiene workers; evaluate the practice of using personal protective equipment by hospital cleaning and hygiene workers pre and post educational intervention and; implement educational intervention for hospital cleaning and hygiene workers on personal protective equipment according to identified needs. Method: This is a field research, with a quantitative, almost experimental, before-and-after approach, carried out with hospital cleaning and hygiene workers at a large hospital in the North of Brazil. Data collection was divided into four stages: 1st Training and application of a questionnaire on: sociodemographic and occupational profile and knowledge and behavior reported on the prevention of diseases caused by biological agents; 2nd Pre-intervention observation of participants; 3rd Application of the Educational Intervention and 4th Application of the questionnaire and Post-intervention Observation. The data obtained pre- and post-intervention were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The project was submitted, via the Brazil platform, for analysis and approval, obtaining a favorable opinion for the development of the research. Results: They were systematized in two manuscripts, namely: Article 1 Educational intervention on biosafety for hospital cleaning and hygiene workers: experience report on planning and carrying out professional qualification on biosafety; The activities were carried out in a workshop format, considering the participants' prior knowledge and their learning needs from the work process. Article 2 Impact of educational intervention on biosafety with hospital hygiene and cleaning workers. The results showed through the analyzes that the educational intervention had a positive impact among hospital cleaning and hygiene workers, with statistical significance in the comparison of knowledge and self-reported behavior before and after the intervention; the observation of pre- and post-intervention behavior also showed improvement by comparing the percentages through descriptive analysis. Conclusion: It is possible to verify that the educational intervention, conducted through theoretical-practical workshops, employing active methodologies adapted to the needs of workers, resulted in an improvement in adherence to biosafety measures. This was evident both through the knowledge and behavior reported and through direct observation of the work activity of hospital cleaning and hygiene workers.