Monetarização de gases poluentes de veículos do ciclo Otto no Brasil de 2000 a 2009

Abstract

The worsening of numerous environmental problems in recent decades - contamination of air and water, epidemics, prolonged droughts, floods, forest fires, loss of soil quality, nuclear and chemical disasters, the hole growth in the ozone layer and the current shortage water - have issued alerts to managers and society on the proper responsibility about natural resources. In this sense, the valuation or monetization of emission of key vehicle pollutants is essential for the formulation of environmental policies, transportation management and traffic that seek more effective results in controlling emissions. This paper presents a brief discussion on vehicle emissions of pollutants and major public policies adopted in the industry and emissions avoided by the use of fuel ethanol. Presented a calculation method based on the amount of the vehicle fleet, the intensity of use, emission and monetary values of carbon monoxide reference factors, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. As a result, the analysis is presented with the respective emission values for the quantitative currency of selected gases. With increasing car with flex-fuel technology, there was a reduction of total emissions of greenhouse gases, although the fleet has increased in absolute terms. The monetary values calculated using the emissions of monetization indicators showed that carbon monoxide is primarily responsible for emissions from motor vehicles the Otto cycle in Brazil, representing 45.7% of the emissions and the monetary value was R $ 4,736 .386.753,28. Hydrocarbons are the second most gas emitted by the car fleet, accounting for 27.3% of emissions, and monetary value of R $ 2,835,304,578.20. Then come the emissions of nitrogen oxide, which had its emission reductions of 26.8% and accounted for R $ 2,785,548,815.02. While emissions of particulate matter in 2000 were R $ 705,307.57. With the reduction of 23%, accounted for R $ 545,752.13. You can also check that the environmental cost for the period 2000-2009, caused by the fleet of vehicles of the Otto cycle, dedicated or flex-fuel technology, moved to C gasoline and hydrous ethanol was R $ 10,363,277,869 40.