Avaliação e caracterização de compósitos constituídos de finos residuais termoplásticos e vítreos para a construção civil

Abstract

The civil construction sector is one of the sectors that most impact the environment. On the other hand, it is the area that can also be suitable for recycling industrial waste and transforming them into construction materials. This research aims to develop and characterize an innovative composite material consisting of a plaster matrix and polymeric and ceramic reinforcement, through the use of polycarbonate waste in the form of shavings from the manufacturing process of optical lenses and glasses and soda lime glass. comminuted green from discarded beverage bottles. The purpose was to replace the coating and finishing plasterboards and blocks with the composite material. The methodology carried out in this research essentially consisted of three main stages: Treatment and determination of waste properties; Production of samples and; Evaluation of composite material samples in the form of plaster blocks. Verifying the application of the composite in Civil Construction and performing analyzes on the material in the fresh and hardened state through physical, mechanical and chemical tests. Ten proportions were performed, in which P1 contains only plaster considered as a parameter for the others that increasingly differentiated the percentages of plaster replacement by glass (from 5% to 15%) and polycarbonate (from 1% to 5%). After 28 days of dry curing in a laboratory environment, physical density tests were carried out in the dry state (ratio between the dry mass of the specimen and its volume) and microstructural analysis by means of optical microscopy with the application of a stereomicroscope to visualize the phases of the composite material, voids and failures in the parts, and water absorption by capillarity lasting 24 hours. The tests of mechanical resistance to axial compression, mechanical resistance to flexion with three supports, hardness and the chemical test of EDX were also carried out at 28 days. Evaluating the chemical composition of the plaster samples, it revealed the presence of impurities and additives, glass and polycarbonate. The samples showed non-compliance regarding axial compression strength for P0V0 (parameter) and P5V15 and minimum hardness in relation to all mixtures, defined in regulations as 8.4 MPa and 20 N/mm², respectively. For the three-point flexural strength test, all samples obtained results superior to those prescribed in regulations such as 1 MPa. It is concluded that the best performances for the composite material, after 28 days of dry curing in a laboratory environment, in view of the physical and mechanical tests, were achieved by the P3V5 proportions (replacement of 3% of plaster with polycarbonate and replacement of 5% of plaster with glass ), P3V10 (replacing 3% of the plaster with polycarbonate and replacing 10% of the plaster with glass) and P5V5 (replacing 5% of the plaster with polycarbonate and replacing 5% of the plaster with glass). Of these, the best mixture for use in Civil Construction belongs to P3V5, which provides greater mechanical resistance and lower rates of water absorption by capillarity and lower average density at 28 days.