Região metropolitana de Palmas: uma reflexão sobre a gestão orçamentária e fiscal no processo de desenvolvimento regional

Abstract

In 1988, from the promulgation of the Federal Constitution, multiple metropolitan regions were created, mostly, without a verification of the territorial limits and with multiple budget and financial problems. Added to these characteristics, the budget and financial management has been configured as a major obstacle to urban planning to be faced in the regions, considering that, the government must posses resources originated from incomes to perform several functions and to guarantee the access to products and services to people. Based on these assumptions, the main goal of this research is to analyze the budget and fiscal management of the metropolitan region of Palmas and its implications in the process of regional development from 2010 to 2017. The methodology used on the study was an descriptive analysis of quantitative nature, and in the interpretation of data it were used as reference theories related to public finances and to models of polarization and central locations. The analysis of the results pointed to a development region directed to big cities, due to the locational and population advantages, that had in the models of growth poles and centrality the support of the regional economy. The analyzed indicators show that all the cities of the region advanced positively toward development, with emphasis on the city of Palmas which is the head city of the metropolitan region and for those that are located closer to this pole, such as the cities of Porto Nacional and Paraíso do Tocantins. However, the statistical method of repeated measures correlation used to verify the association between budget and fiscal management and development, presented that other variables possess a greater relevance in the process of the development of the region than the variables of management of public incomes and expenses, that is, the management and application of public resources have little contribution to the territory development. Therefore, based on the results presented, it is concluded that, to boost regional development and make the services of common interest(health, education, public security, infrastructure and basic sanitation) made available for society more effective, it is necessary to improve not only the public finances management as well as to implement efficient public policies, fiscal measures to attract companies and businesses to the region, perform the governance institution, create an integrated urban development plan, among other, capable of improving the socioeconomic indicators of the region, and thus, the quality of life of the population.