Estudo fitoquímico e atividade antimicrobiana in vitro do extrato das sementes de passiflora edulis sims e formulações farmacêuticas

Abstract

Passiflora edulis Sims (Passion fruit) belongs to Passifloraceae family which has about 16 genera and 600 species. The Passiflora genus is considered the most representative, with 135 plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile, and the in vitro antimicrobial activity of extract from the seed of Passiflora edulis Sims, and to develop pharmaceutical formulations. It was observed in phytochemical screening, the presence of phenols, such as flavonoids, condensed tannins, and coumarins, also saponins and alkaloids. Quantification of total polyphenols and flavonoids were held totaling 480 ± 4,833 (mgGA)/g e 12,4 ± 0,014 (mgQE)/g, respectively. It was found in the Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis, the suggestive appearance of fixed oil in hexane fraction revealed, with iodine vapor, and presence of phenolic compounds in the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions by using the mobile phase of hexane and ethyl acetate (Hex:AcOEt) when revealed using FeCl3. The LC-MSn analysis provided the fragmentation profile of the phenolic compound (PC) confirming the existence of a new Isoflavone organic molecule. The extract showed potential antioxidant fifteen times greater when compared to standard trolox (mg/g). It was used diffusion in agar and microdilution techniques, with the extract and pharmaceutical formulations developed: 5% gel, 1% solution, and 5% intimate soap with its stability checked for three days, also with the evaluation of the microbiological quality control. The extract has shown greater inhibition potential on Gram-positive bacteria for the clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecalis (10.50 mm), and formulations have not shown activity by agar method. Quantitative analysis has confirmed better bactericidal potential of extract on Enterococcus faecalis MBC (0.6mg/mL), and the gel has shown better activity on Corynebacterium diphtheriae ATCC 27010 MBC (0.017mg/mL). The extract has shown better effect on 042 EAEC serotype (11.33 mm) of all Gram-negative bacteria studied by the technique in agar. The response of the extract with better bactericidal effect on quantitative analysis was on Morganella morganii (0.6mg/mL). In this study, the best responses were observed on clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata, wherein the extract and the formulations showed strong antifungal potential. There was resistance from Candida parapsilosis on the extract, and the pharmaceutical formulations. Only 1% of the solution haven’t showed activity on the microorganisms analyzed by the techniques described.