Educação em saúde de pescadores artesanais da Amazônia Legal: fatores associados aos distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT)

Abstract

Introduction: Introduction: Fishermen have great knowledge of the seas and rivers; they know natural phenomena and have developed a relationship with nature over time. These values of belonging to nature are part of their stories, but often bring health risks. The subject of health-disease-care must be taken into account and be the subject of studies and thus achieve improvements for this population. RSI / WMSD cases have been recognized as a priority in health surveillance actions. Artisanal fishing should pay special attention to the prevention of occupational accidents, as the combination of environmental and individual factors has a negative effect on the lives of fishermen. Objective: To evaluate the presence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) and associated factors in artisanal fishermen. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive cross sectional study with educational intervention, carried out in the fishing colonies of the municipalities of Porto Nacional and Ipueiras, TO, between June 2019 and November 2020. Socioeconomic and demographic data, in addition to the assessment of painful symptoms, perception of quality of life, perceived stress and chronotype were collected through standardized questionnaires. In the educational action, an active methodology was planned as a learning strategy through educational workshops with artisanal fishermen, however, with the advent of the new Coronavirus pandemic and respecting the guidelines of the Ministry of Health (MS), social isolation restricted access to fishermen colonies. As a result of this limitation, we opted for the educational strategy for online mode with the use of audiovisual resources and the use of digital media. The research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee under the CAAE protocol: 50419215.5.0000.5516. Results: Of the 132 fishermen belonging to the colonies, 77 participated in the survey. Most of the fishermen were male; had 3 or more children; belonged to classes C2, D, E; he lived exclusively on fishing; and it had an intermediate chronotype. Among the complaints of pain, 50.65% of the fishermen had low back and back pain in the last months and the absence of painful symptoms was significantly associated with a better perception of quality of life and with lower levels of stress. Finally, health education established communication with the entire group of artisanal fishermen, brought educational guidelines, easily accessible and language in a time of social isolation. Conclusion: the present study revealed the significant presence of symptoms compatible with WMSD in the population studied, increasing stress levels and compromising the quality of life of these workers. The results signal the need for interventions and policies for the sector, aiming at improving the fishermen's work process. Technologies enabled a form of virtual interaction and offered conditions for interaction with the population, it was necessary to reorganize and innovate in the current scenario. It is recommended to continue this action as soon as possible, in person and on an ongoing basis, promoting discussions and reflections on the health of artisanal fishermen.