Eventos de vida produtores de estresse, fatores ambientais e inatividade física como determinantes no adoecimento dos servidores públicos do Instituto Federal do Tocantins – IFTO

Abstract

This study aimed to relate the functional leave with the stress-producing life events (SPLE) of the employees of the Federal Institute of Tocantins (FITO), who left due to illness between the years 2011 to 2017.The sample consisted of teachers and administrative technicians in education (ATEs) from all IFTO campuses (n = 197), together they used a total of (n = 446) leaves. Among the teachers, there was a predominance of males (54%), with an average age of 40.6 years and Standard Deviation (SD) of 6.98 years, the majority have a master's degree (40%) and are married (69%). The ATEs, most of them, are female (68%), have an average age of 37.5 years and SD of 7.73 years, mostly with specialization degree (58%) and married (64%).For data collection, three instruments were used: a questionnaire regarding socio demographic, occupational and regional factors, which evaluates from gender, age, educational level of participants to the year in which they needed medical leave and whether environmental factors characteristic of Tocantins State, such as relative humidity, temperature, fires, had an influence on it; Social Readjustment Scale, which analyzes external stressors, that is, the SPLE that the employees were experiencing at the time of sick leave; and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), which classifies the respondent between sedentary and sufficiently active, in addition, a question that addresses the respondents' body mass index (BMI), which classifies them as underweight, adequate weight, overweight and obese, was included in this questionnaire, according to the classification recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).The results revealed, in Pearson's correlation (r) and linear regression (r2), positive correlations and with strong dependence between the variables. As for SPLE, each category was assessed separately, according to Savoia's division (1999), the results revealed that teachers and ATEs had a very strong relation in the following categories: personal difficulties, (r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98 ) and(r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98); family, (r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98) and (r = 0.96, r2 = 0.92); and work, (r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98) and (r = 0.95, r2 = 0.90), respectively. Regarding environmental factors, teachers showed a very strong correlation (r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98) and ATEs a strong relation (r = 0.93, r2 = 0.86); the level of physical activity presented by the employees who participated in the research and the leaves showed a very strong relation (r = 0.98, r2 = 0.96) for both teachers and ATEs. The relation between sick leave and overweight/obesity also showed a very strong correlation (r = 0.99, r2 = 0.98) for teachers and ATEs (r = 0.98, r2 = 0.96).According to data from the literature and the correlations carried out in this study, the SPLE, regional factors specific to the Tocantins State and physical inactivity can contribute to the development of diseases and they are factors that need a special look from the government. Preventive measures must be taken aiming at the totality of the individual and not only the work environment, as currently approached by many surveys and quality of life at work (QWL) programs.