Tecnologia alternativa como facilitador do controle social em ações de saneamento

Abstract

Although sanitation techniques are effective for removing pollutants in water, the sector is still in a critical scenario, where only 42.7% of the urban population has access to sewage services (collection and treatment), in distant regions of the great centers this precariousness is even more evident. The absence of these services leads to environmental unhealthiness, contributing to pollution and contamination of water bodies, as is the case of contamination of water bodies by the release of untreated effluent with a large supply of phosphorus. The objective of this study was to propose a simplified alternative for the treatment of effluent that can be used in a decentralized manner. In the first part of the study, it was elucidated how social participation can promote social control in sanitation actions and what is the importance of decision making. In the second part of the study, the sorbet material (laterite) was characterized and evaluated for its ability to adsorb phosphorus in an aqueous medium. The best conditions were obtained for adsorption to occur so that this adsorbent material could be used in simplified techniques as a proposal for social technology in order to meet the demand of the most economically vulnerable groups and those decentralized. It was found that laterite with a particle size of 0.150mm has a potential for phosphorus adsorption with 87.9% removal, which is an advantage in terms of its availability in cerrado soils. The results demonstrate that the use of less robust and more accessible technologies, such as the use of active filters, make it possible to bring sanitation to rural areas, marginalized areas and all those that are neglected in terms ofsanitation services.