Prevalência de anemia pré-operatória em pacientes operados em hospital público da região norte do Brasil

Abstract

Anemia is a very common condition worldwide and has important clinical repercussions, especially associated with other clinical aggravating factors such as surgical procedures. It is especially diagnosed based on the hemoglobin analysis verified in the blood count, which may negatively influence the surgical patient, as well as represent a risk to its integrity during the perioperative period. The objective was to verify the prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period and to establish a relationship between anemia and the type of surgical procedure. After being approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, 253 medical records of patients treated at a public hospital in the Northern Region of Brazil were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to variables such as preoperative hemoglobin, gender, age, origin, anesthetic risk, type of surgery and others. Of the 253 medical records analyzed, 132 (52.17%) reported anemia, with a higher frequency in women. Of the 132 (100%) medical records with anemia, 75 (29.64%) classified it as mild anemia, 51 (20.15%) with moderate anemia and 6 (2.37%) with severe anemia not yet preoperative. The pre, trans and postoperative data registration and notification system are incomplete. Regarding surgical procedures, such as emergency surgery, general surgery, orthopedic and obstetric, were the most common. The most used anesthetic technique was spinal anesthesia, where the variation in anesthetic risk had no influence.