Da guerra justa à guerra dos extremos: a difícil recondução ao humanismo

Abstract

This article intends to discuss, at a first moment, ethical questions that could make the war more fair. To this end, the development of this concept is followed in the works of Saint Augustine and Hugo Grotius, showing that, for a long period, the war was a assimilable experience. In the second part, using the contrast with the just war, one reflects on a war of extremes and its impact on the collective and individual experience, and to illustrate the depth of this extreme one analyzes the figure of the “Muslim”, who was the individual who reached the irreversible limit of pain in the concentration camp. Finally, the final part is intended for an investigation into the impact of trauma on our perception and sensibility, verifying how extreme wars resurfaced the senses, making it difficult to bring our era back to humanism, to collective empathy.