Pesca, perfil e conhecimento dos pescadores à jusante da UHE Luís Eduardo Magalhães

Abstract

The fisherman lives in contact with nature and his daily scenery is the river, know the river and the functioning of the local ecosystem. Changes in the structure and dynamics of the river and environment permanently interfere with the life cycle and dynamics of fish populations. Fishing is an art, resulting from the fisherman's creativity, sense and freedom. Fishing provides a series of experiences, adventures and a great opportunity for accumulation of knowledge. This study aimed to characterize the profile, fishing and ethno - cytological knowledge of the fishermen that are in the municipalities downstream of the Luís Eduardo Magalhães HPP. The data were collected through the application of a semistructured questionnaire to the fishermen of the riverside municipalities of Lajeado, Miracema do Tocantins and Pedro Afonso. To collect the data was used to the methodology "snowball", semi structured questionnaires that were applied to the local fishermen. A total of 124 fishermen were interviewed and all interviews were transcribed and systematized to be used in the results. The profile of fishermen and the fishing system in this region, when analyzed by municipalities, has specific characteristics. In general, the fishermen downstream of the Lajeado Hydroelectric Power Plant, are mostly male, have been fishing since childhood, have many years of experience in fishing, fishery is organized by fishermen's colony and fishermen with many years of affiliation. Most of the fishermen who fish alone are those who fish by the eaves, many of the fishermen who fish in full, are associated with the local colonies of their region, in turn, these fishermen spend more than a day in the river. The most used equipment is the hand line, much used by anglers, and the waiting net, used mainly by fishermen with boat. The results referring to the ethno - cytological knowledge, show that the movements of schools are observed mainly in the months of June and July, with higher incidence in the municipality of Pedro Afonso, the most cited species were curimatá, piau and caranha. The fishermen observe ovate fish during the whole year, the months of March and April present a higher incidence of ovado fish citations, the most observed species are: piau, curimatá and pacu. Finally, it is concluded that fishermen know and follow reproductive behavior, and identify the movements of schools in the region, know how to specify the time when the fish pass and most of the time identify the species. Fishing has economic importance, but also sentimental, forming part of the subjectivity of the fisherman, so fishing is part of what they are, composing their life stories