Neoliberalismo: uma potência neofascista e antidemocrática do capitalismo contemporâneo

Abstract

This dissertation analyzes how neoliberalism—as the generator of a specific neoliberal rationality—carries an anti-democratic and neo-fascist potential. Neoliberalism differs from liberalism and other economic theories in that it seeks to achieve its objectives by necessarily transforming subjectivities within an accumulation system that das drastically increased the wealth of the richest. No other economic theory set out to achieve this; thus, neoliberalism presents itself as more than merely an economic theory. It embodies a rationality that alters how people exist and live in the world, weakening and dismantling social relations and paving the way for forms of desensitization and contemporary violence akin to those seen under fascism. This form of violence—often a product of neoliberal rationality—poses a constant threat to democracy and must therefore be countered. To ground this analysis, the research employs an interdisciplinary approach linking political economy and critical philosophy, drawing on the work of authors such as David Harvey, Pierre Dardot and Christian Laval, Maurizio Lazzarato, Vladimir Safatle, Alfredo Saad-Filho, and Daniel Pereira Andrade. Finally, in light of this diagnosis, the study argues that there are viable alternatives to challenge neoliberal hegemony. Neoliberal rationality is not the only possibility; it is therefore necessary to establish a new rationality based on the principle of the "common"—as a potential form of resistance to neoliberalism—by fostering a new political and social imaginary among subjects.