Estudo censitário da arborização em dois colégios militares da polícia militar do estado do Tocantins e seus impactos na educação ambiental

Abstract

Urban tree planting in educational spaces is essential for thermal comfort, sustainability, and the promotion of environmental education; however, its management still poses challenges. This study analyzed the arborization of the Military Schools of Gurupi and Araguaína, assessing tree distribution, species diversity, and the perceptions of students and teachers regarding its benefits. The objective was to inventory and compare the arborization of these institutions and to understand its influence on environmental education. The methodology involved a full tree inventory, based on the census method, combined with the application of semi-structured questionnaires administered to students and teachers. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected, including tree diversity and quantity, phytosanitary status, canopy projection, and shading index. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test to identify differences between the two schools regarding tree height, diameter, density, and shading index. The research results revealed differences in arborization between the two military schools. In Gurupi, there were 67 trees from 19 species, with Licania tomentosa (oiti) as the most prominent. The average height was 8.15 meters, the average diameter was 34.43 cm, the tree density index was 0.013 ind/m², and the shading index reached 628%. In contrast, the Military School of Araguaína had 44 trees from 17 species, with Handroanthus heptaphyllus (purple ipê) and Licania tomentosa (oiti) standing out. The average height was 5.68 meters, the diameter was 16.44 cm, the tree density index was 0.011 ind/m², and the shading index was 339%, contributing to a more comfortable microclimate. Students’ and teachers’ perceptions confirmed this reality: in the more arborized schools, the thermal and educational benefits of the trees were more clearly recognized. The study reinforces the need for planning and implementing tree-planting strategies in military schools, considering not only aesthetic aspects but also the ecological and educational functionality of the trees. Moreover, it highlights the importance of public policies aimed at expanding vegetation cover to promote thermal comfort and environmental awareness. The results provide important guidance for future sustainability actions and tree management within educational institutions.