Análise de atividades humanas impactantes e contribuição para a geoconservação no monumento natural das árvores fossilizadas do estado do Tocantins

Abstract

The preservation of Conservation Units (CUs) is of paramount importance for safeguarding natural environments, biodiversity, and community well-being. The Natural Monument of the Petrified Trees of the State of Tocantins (Monaf) is a CU composed of privately owned lands, in accordance with the provisions of Law 9985/2000 of the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC). The main challenges to environmental conservation and protection within Monaf are related to land use, as many landowners rely exclusively on agricultural and livestock activities as their primary source of income. However, these activities have proven to be extremely harmful to the conservation of natural heritage. The objective of this study was to analyze anthropogenic impacts within Monaf and its surrounding areas through in situ surveys and comparison with the current Management Plan. Additionally, trails were described, and compensatory measures were proposed to mitigate impacts within the CU. Three expeditions were conducted, totaling ten inspected sites. In addition to georeferencing the areas, photographic records were taken, and trail characterization was carried out in accordance with Brazilian Standard 15505-2:2019. The paths were mapped using a mobile application. Compensatory measures were developed based on the current Management Plan and relevant environmental legislation, with careful consideration of permitted uses in each zone visited. The most frequently documented impacts included: the presence of domestic animals in direct contact with fossil-bearing material, solid waste found on outcrops, use of heavy machinery for road construction and farm access, construction of artificial water sources, and evidence of fire. The findings reveal an urgent need for a reassessment of the Management Plan, both to address ongoing activities that affect the CU and to update the characterization of the Monument itself, as the existing document is outdated. Furthermore, out of the ten inspected locations, four fossil outcrops exhibited established trails, indicating a significant potential for geotourism. This, in turn, represents a viable pathway for the geoconservation of geological heritage, a sustainable economic activity for residents of the farms within the CU, and an opportunity to enhance Monaf’s visibility, facilitating institutional recognition and partnerships with public agencies.