Eficiência da logística reversa em Imperatriz – MA: um estudo sobre indicadores de desempenho e propostas de melhoria para a gestão de resíduos sólidos

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the performance indicators of reverse logistics in the selective waste collection system of Imperatriz, Maranhão, considering efficiency, sustainability, and social inclusion of waste pickers, based on the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) and the Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (PMGIRS). This exploratory and documentary research, with a qualitative approach and mixed methods, used document analysis from PMGIRS, semi-structured interviews with public administrators, cooperatives, and companies, and questionnaires administered to 12 key stakeholders, including the Department of the Environment (SEMMARH), the Imperatriz Recyclable Materials Collectors Association (ASCAMARI), and companies such as Valor da Logística Integrada (VLI) and Suzano Papel e Celulose. Content analysis and descriptive statistics allowed for comparison with mid-sized cities and identification of operational bottlenecks. The results indicate that current indicators, such as volume of waste collected and percentage recycled, are limited, neglecting social and environmental impacts (Câmara de Dirigentes Lojistas - CDL, VLI). Bottlenecks include insufficient infrastructure, especially in peripheral areas (ASCAMARI, VLI), low public awareness (Reciclagem São Lucas), and a lack of integration between stakeholders (Grupo Mateus). Partnerships, such as with ASCAMARI, are positive but lack coordination. The PMGIRS presents goals, such as shutting down the landfill, but their implementation is partial due to a lack of resources and oversight. Therefore, the research was successful in mapping inefficiencies and proposing improvements, such as expanding Voluntary Delivery Points (PEVs), educational campaigns, and tax incentives. However, limitations such as incomplete data and the lack of direct comparisons with other cities limit the analysis. Future studies can explore indicators and intermunicipal partnerships to improve waste management in Imperatriz.