Análise constitucional dos projetos de desenvolvimento econômico da bacia do Tapajós: conflito entre o desenvolvimento e a conservação

Abstract

The present work has as object of study the works and projects of economic development of the Tapajós basin. The region is considered strategic because of its energy potential and its privileged location for the implementation of a multimodal corridor for the flow of agricultural production from the region, especially Mato Grosso and Pará. Historically the predatory use of natural resources has been a constant in the Economic activities developed there and, currently, the basin has been receiving large investments from large companies in the agribusiness and mining segment. Many are the socio-environmental impacts that such works and economic activities will cause and speculation as well as the expectation around the works is already generating a significant increase in deforestation. The possibility of loss of innumerable habitats of inestimable environmental, cultural and archaeological value may jeopardize the balance and resilience of the basin. The issue becomes more worrying because there are no studies on the overlap of so many pressure fronts on the preserved environments of the region, since the Tapajós basin is a mosaic of preservation areas, including conservation units and lands Indigenous peoples. Thus, through bibliographical and documentary research, the following question is asked: how to balance development with conservation of the region? In order to do so, the general objective is to research through the constitutional filtering of Public Policies that promote sustainable development. The study will be based on constitutional guarantees and the general principles of Environmental Law as vectors of sustainable development. The analysis of the region's economic development project will be contrasted with the likely socio-environmental impacts resulting from the projects intended for the region and, consequently, the presentation of the Amazon Deforestation Prevention and Control Plan (PPCDAM) as a path to sustainable development. Faced with such a discussion, it is noted that the clash between the developmental ideal, the preservation of the environment and the observance of fundamental rights, capital gains and the developmental issue prevails in decision-making. The need for a paradigm shift through the strengthening of socio-environmental culture is still an obstacle to be transposed. It is concluded that the innovation in the use of an integrated approach to combat the causes of deforestation brought by the PPCDAm, has the potential to create a new model for the development of the region. This new vision runs counter to some obstacles of difficult transposition, such as the still incipient presence of the State in the region and the little feasibility of the thematic axis responsible for the promotion of sustainable productive activities and the valuation of traditional practices.