Posse e uso da terra e agroenergia na região Centro-Oeste

Abstract

Laws and national and international treaties, in relation to the agrarian, signed from the time that Brazil was a colony of Portugal until the present day formed and shaped the land structure and current scenario which develops the Brazilian agrarian question. The Centro-Oeste is inserted in this context and is the main production center of the complex grain-meat in the country. This work shows the evolution of ownership and use of land in Brazil, taking as a case study to the Centro-Oeste. From the implementation of PROALCOOL, the Centro-Oeste has been highlighted also in the production of bioenergy, with direct impact on tenure and land use in the region. Through methods such as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, it was found that the Gini index for the Brazilian regions, between the years 1985 and 1995, with the exception of the North that left 0,812 to 0,820, showed a decrease in concentration but maintained a level considered strong to very strong. In relation to the states of the Centro-Oeste, Mato Grosso stands. From 1970 to 2006, the average area of farms under 10 acres has a representation of 0.06% to 0.08%. In the same period, the share of establishments with more than 1,000 hectares which was 95.05% fell to 92.5% of the total. From this land structure and taking advantage of the agricultural vocation, the Centro-Oeste, currently houses the largest number of plants producing biodiesel in the country, with 27 of the total 57 units, and 45% of total installed capacity. Besides soybeans, the main oilseed used as feedstock for biodiesel production, there is the sugar cane for the production of ethanol or sugar. The increased demand for these agrofuel production, adding further to the increase in food and commodities, made the lands of the region became the focus of interest of large domestic and foreign companies about the Brazilian government to intervene and impose limits the acquisition of land in the country by companies of other nationalities. This worked showed that the agrarian structure of the Centro-Oeste, keeps the model implemented in the whole country. The Brazil showed no significant changes in its land structure between 1930 and 2010. That is, the standard remained high concentration of land in the Centro-Oeste and this model was kept in the intention to transform the region into a hotbed of grains and livestock for export and from 1975 to the production, too, from raw material for bioenergy.