Análise de viabilidade técnica e econômica do aproveitamento do biogás gerado no aterro sanitário de Palmas - TO

Abstract

The intensity of human activities and the speed of population growth without planning has urban solid, which most of the time are discarded inappropriately causing major environmental and social problems. This work had as main objective to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of using the biogas produced at the Landfill in Palmas - TO as a renewable energy source. The research was carried out at the Palmas Landfill, located in the rural area, south of the municipality, 25 km away from the center of the master plan. To achieve the objectives of this research, the following methodological steps were developed: (a) production and physical and chemical characterization of the MSW at the landfill, (b) flow measurement and biogas collection and (c) analysis of the technical and economic feasibility of the landfill. Utilization of the biogas produced in the Landfill of Palmas. In 2008 the production of domestic waste in Palmas - TO was 46,317 tonnes, and in 2019 the municipality produced 97,200, therefore an increase of 47.6% considered normal in relation to the population increase in the municipality and the change in population habits. After characterizing the residues through the gravimetry process, the following results were found: organic fraction with 53.70%, plastic with 25.42%, paper / cardboard with 6.00%, glass with 4.55%, fabric with 1 , 95%, metals with 1.60%. Having a percentage of 53.70% of organic matter, there was a great potential for methane generation in the Landfill of Palmas - TO. Having verified this potential, the capture and measurement of biogas was carried out, whose volume was 1,170m³ / h. The study showed that there is technical feasibility for the process of using biogas from the landfill in question, aiming at energy production, since in the landfill premises there is already a predisposition to capture gases. A period of 6 months was estimated for the implementation and start-up of a UTE that will initially operate with a power of 1MW which is equivalent to 678,900kW, monthly average, using a generator set capable of generating 200kWh of electric energy. In the economic analysis, perfect feasibility was found taking into account the sale of electricity to a local concessionaire, as well as the revenues associated with the reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases generated through the sale of carbon credits.