Estupro como arma de guerra: estudo de caso sobre o conflito da Bósnia e Herzegovina.

Abstract

Yugoslavia was a state created after the fall of the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and after the Great War it was used for the balance of power. During the Second World War, the State managed to expel the Nazi army with its troops, without needing external help, and thanks to this feat, Marshal Josip Tito, becomes charismatic and assumes the power of Yugoslavia, Tito created the Socialist Republic Yugoslavia, where Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia were part of its territory. Because it was a multicultural state, it was necessary during the Tito era to unify the national identity for political alliances to be established, but with the death of Tito, the entire ideology that unified the state was becoming fragile. When Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic took over the power, all the Serbian nationalist feeling that was asleep came to the fore and Slobodan's big dream was to create Greater Serbia. Slovenia and Croatia do not agree with Slobodan's thinking and start the first belligerent movements to achieve their independence, thus beginning the process of dissolving Yugoslavia. Thus, the first maintenance mission was put into practice of peace in Yugoslavian territory, in order to guarantee a ceasefire between Serbian and Croatian troops, the dissolution process became even more violent when Bosnia and Herzegovina also proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia, thus starting the most violent conflict in the territory Yugoslavian – the Bosnian War where rape was used systematically as a weapon of war to promote ethnic cleansing of the population, Bosnian-Muslim women were the main ones affected by this ethnic cleansing strategy.