A contribuição da enfermagem no enfrentamento da violência obstétrica: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Throughout history, the process of childbirth and birth in Brazil has undergone countless transformations. From the twentieth century, a new model of assistance centered on medical control, intervention and the use of technology began to be instituted. Faced with this scenario, women lost their autonomy in the face of childbirth and became susceptible to experiencing situations such as obstetric violence. In this context, the humanization of childbirth movement emerged, in which obstetric nursing has an important role for its implementation. Therefore, this study aims to identify the contribution of nursing in the humanization of childbirth as a way of coping with obstetric violence. The following study is an integrative literature review carried out from August 2019 to May 2020 in the VHL, LILACS and SCIELO databases. After searching the databases and carefully reading, 16 articles were selected that related to the objective of the study. With the analysis of these articles, it was found that nursing is considered a fundamental component for the implementation of humanized assistance in childbirth and birth. Regarding obstetric violence, no articles were found that pointed out the assistance provided by nursing to cope with this type of violence. Despite this, positive results were noted in relation to the care that has been provided by these professionals. Among these results, there is a decrease in interventionist practices such as amniotomy, episiotomy and the use of oxytocin. The use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, such as walking, bathing, breathing exercises, massage and aromatherapy, has also been reported. In addition, lightweight technologies and health education practices were also identified as important tools that have been used by these professionals. From the analysis of these articles, it is concluded that nursing has been contributing to the implementation of humanized care following the recommendations of WHO and MS through the reduction of interventions and de-medicalization of childbirth. Despite the fact that measures to deal with obsetric violence, which has been adopted by these professionals, have not been explicitly pointed out, it appears that the assistance that has been carried out has contributed to the implementation of a humanized and violence-free delivery.