Análise da cobertura da terra da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Água Fria, no município de Palmas-TO, com ênfase nas áreas de preservação permanentes marginais

Abstract

The growing need for the exploitation of natural resources, to the detriment of rampant consumerism, promotes obstacles on the preservation of the environment. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of water, as a vital resource to our development and survival, depend on several factors of medium, as geology, vegetation, soil, climate and the anthropic action. The watershed, in its task of producing water, has the Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP) as allies in the conservation of water bodies and the legal instrument that a detainee about the protection of native vegetation, guiding for delimitation of APPs, this is the Forest Code, introduced by Law 12.651/12. The Basin Ribeirão Água Fria (BHAP) has presenting decreasing flow values in the dry season and suffered changes in its use and occupation of the soil, due to the process of urbanization of the municipality of Palmas. In this sense, the present study sought to evaluate the land occupation of the above basin, emphasizing in its Marginal Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPMs) through satellite images Landsat 5 the years 1991, 2004 and 2011, in order to identify conflicts that may counteract the function of the basin to preserve water resources. The classification of images was supervised by the way in which they were established classes built urban area, native vegetation, agriculture, water bodies and exposed soil, and the classification method used is called Maximum Likelihood. The results pointed to the predominance of native vegetation class in the area over the years under study, ranging from 64.89 % to 67.6 % , as well as the occurrence of misuse classes in Permanent Preservation Areas defined , represented the agricultural classes , built urban areas and bare soil , which corresponded in 1991 , 2004 and 2011 the proportion of 11.74 % , 14.43% and 16.21 % , respectively , indicating the need for surveillance practices and monitoring of public agencies .