O ensino de oncologia na graduação em Enfermagem na região norte do brasil

Abstract

Introduction: The patient affected by a malignant neoplasm undergoes profound transformations, not only in the biological sphere, but also in the social, family, and spiritual spheres. Thus, it is extremely necessary that the nursing professional be able to provide him/her with a humanized and efficient care, through a full, stimulating, affectionate care, and committed to helping him/her as to the adaptation and facing of this new reality. Objective: This study aims to investigate how the teaching of oncology has been working on the initial training of nurses in public Universities in the Northern Region of Brazil. Method: This is a descriptive and exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. The study was conducted between August and September 2019. The curricula of public nursing undergraduate courses in Northern Brazil, recognized and active in the E-MEC, were analyzed. The Universities that were registered as de-accredited in the Education Ministry system were excluded and did not make available PPC, Matrix or Commentary either through the website or by email request. The methodology chosen was that of documentary research in conjunction with Bardin's content analysis. All the material was first read, and later information was collected as to whether or not there were compulsory or optional oncology/cancerology disciplines, disciplines that had content related to the theme researched in their comments, and the objectives and profile of the graduate of the course that worked on the academic preparation directed to the national or regional epidemiological profile, and on the completeness of the assistance. The data obtained were organized and categorized. Results: Among the participating in the sample, it was possible to obtain only the PPC of 10 (76.9%) institutions, and of these, only 7 (70%) had complete Curriculum and Ementary Matrix; 01 (7.6) HEIs provided exclusively online Curriculum and Ementary Matrix; and 02 (15.3%) only the Curriculum Matrix, also online. After data collection, it was possible to observe that among all Higher Education Institutions in the Northern Region of the country that offer the undergraduate course in Nursing, none of them have a specific discipline of oncology in their curriculum, either mandatory or optional. In 8 universities, the subjects of the Curriculum Matrix work on oncology related content in a mandatory/optative manner, however, these focused primarily on the process of cancer formation and not its assistance. It was also possible to observe that even without a specific discipline, the institutions had in their objectives and graduate profile in the Course Pedagogical Proposals (PPCs) the need for the development of a training focused on the national and regional epidemiological profile and the need for an assistance based on the principle of integrality. Considerations: It was possible to observe a fragility of the undergraduate courses in terms of disciplines and oncological content. Even the HEIs that present related disciplines do not appear in their matrices to make an interrelation between the contents of Genetics, Pathology, with the other components of the curriculum matrix, except perhaps, Women's Health, and the latter addresses themes solely directed to the preventive part of breast and cervical cancer. From this, it is suggested that the HEIs rethink the curricula of nursing courses in order to deepen the training of their graduates in this area.