Os princípios do TOD na linha troncal de ônibus da cidade de Palmas-TO: o projetado e o aplicado

Abstract

This research aimed to carry out a comparative study between the basic plan of Palmas and the current reality about the functionality of Avenida Teotônio Segurado for urban mobility, taking as a parameter the principles of Transit-Oriented Development (henceforth TOD). For that, the literature review was applied as a methodology to try to understand the basic plan, based on Constitution of Federative Republic of Brazil (1988), going through the principles on the Right to the City (BRAZIL, 2001) until the historical documents and data of municipal secretariats and public bodies. Therefore, under the aegis of a group of contemporary authors, emphasis was given to the bases of discussion on sustainable urban mobility, mostly, with the object of investigation being Teotônio Segurado Avenue, which is approached in a descriptive way, relating its functions and characteristics. In this context, the research method consisted of a case study, which investigated the convergences of TOD, even though this term had not been coined in the period of the original plan of the capital, as well as on-site investigations - up and down , origin- destination - on the Palmas trunk line (Eixão). Characteristics and specificities were investigated in Palmas, with regard to their occupation and mobility, as to what was planned and adopted. It was assumed that Palmas had its density aligned with the principles of TOD, although these has not yet begun to take on theoretical and scientific relevance in Brazil at the time of the plan. In other words, as a planned city, it might show density on the trunk line (or nearby). However, the study found that the density did not occur, and therefore, Teotônio's functionality as an aggregating axis of urban dynamics has not been consolidated. The research also found that the city is dispersed nowadays, increasing the cost of implementation and maintenance in relation to what was established in the original plan, also affecting its infrastructure - this finding being the guiding thread for investigation and analysis regarding the its consequences. Furthermore, it was identified that approximately 70% of the lots on Teotônio Segurado Avenue were unoccupied, and both the original plan and the occupation outside it did not show high densities, different from what was designed in the planning. It was also possible to identify TOD principles in the original plan of the capital, proving that the city was designed in a way that is oriented towards transportation, despite the inefficiency of applications of these premises. The study, among other things, pointed out that the region of greatest origin and destination for users of the Eixão Line is the South, corresponding to 35.7% of travel origins and 32.5% of travel destinations, followed by the Region of Teotônio Segurado Avenue, with just over 20% of travel origins and destinations.