Viabilidade econômica da implantação de uma planta de incineração de resíduos sólidos urbanos para pequenos municípios

Abstract

The growth in the production of solid urban waste in Brazil is a major challenge to be faced. Inadequate waste disposal is capable of causing serious damage to the environment. The management of urban solid waste encompasses not only its proper destination, but also examines which technology may be more economically viable for its treatment. This work studied the characteristics of the residues of 10 municipalities in the northern region of the state of Tocantins and, thus, the economic viability of implementing an urban solid waste incineration plant for small municipalities was verified. This analysis was made by means of research in technical literature that estimated the generation of MSW in these cities, estimating the revenues that could be generated by the incineration plant and its cost of operation and maintenance. For economic analysis, the following were considered, among other economic parameters, NPV, TIR, PAYBACK and TMA. In this way, three economic scenarios were proposed: 1st minimum revenue scenario; 2nd scenario expected revenue and 3rd scenario where the TMA doubles. In these conditions, it was evaluated which of the three scenarios was the most economically viable in a period of 20 years. Scenario 2 proved to be virtually the most viable with NPV of R $ 45,756,248.17, IRR of 81.66%, Payback of 1.23 years at a TMA of 4.5%. It was concluded that the MSW incineration plant is viable for small municipalities in all the compared scenarios and that this viability depends on the economic parameters, investments and the relationship between project income and expenses. The relevance of pre-analyzing the residue is highlighted and, if necessary, pre-treatment is carried out so that it adapts to the technical conditions of the plant.