Saúde e Nutrição de Crianças Internadas em Unidades Neonatais e sua Relação com a Alimentação Recebida

Abstract

Some newborns are subject to clinical complications that may lead them to experience periods of hospitalization soon after birth in which they will receive intensive care to recover their health in neonatal units. However, its proper development depends on the balance between the support of biological needs, the environment and the family, the use of anthropometric parameters are extremely important for monitoring development, as well as the provision of adequate and healthy food that provides health recovery. prevent further health problems. The objective of this study was to relate the anthropometric nutritional status of newborns admitted to neonatal care units to the type of food received during hospitalization. Retrospective observational study composed of 242 neonates who were admitted to the intensive care and conventional intermediate care units of the Dona Regina Siqueira Campos maternity hospital in Palmas, Tocantins. The data were collected from the Human Milk Bank recipients registration form from February to September 2017 and the following variables were evaluated: gestational age, birth and discharge weight, length and cephalic perimeter during birth. length of stay and at discharge, daily weight gain, length of stay and diet received. Numerical variables were evaluated for normality by Skewness, Kurtosis and Shapiro-Wilk and were compared by analysis of variance, Chi-square test, student t-test, Mc Neimar, Mann-Whitney, Fischer exact and Pearson correlation. Significant differences were observed in the analysis of newborns when separated by groups in preterm and term infants and inpatient units for the following characteristics: length of stay, birth weight, discharge weight, length at birth. hospitalization and discharge, head circumference at birth, during hospitalization and discharge, nutritional classification at birth and discharge, and predominant diet. There was a predominance of premature and male babies, those born with higher weight tended to have the highest weight at discharge leading to compensatory growth, there was a decline in the nutritional status of the population studied at discharge regardless of the hospitalization unit but those who passed Intermediate care units presented better mean birth length, weight gain among preterm and full-term infants did not show statistical differences during hospitalization, with predominance of breast milk supply to preterm infants admitted to intensive care units, while among those who received preterm infants. commercial formulas predominated those born at term. We concluded that children who received infant formula possibly had conditions of breastfeeding and had greater weight gain at discharge, preterm infants remained hospitalized longer and showed less evolution of anthropometric profile and weight. We emphasize the importance of adequate and quality nutritional support in view of the impacts of prematurity and neonatal hospitalization on infant mortality.